Pulot Essay Example

Pulot Paper I. Executive Summary1 II. Situation Analysis1 III. SWOT Analysis1 A. Strengths1 B. Weakness2 C. Opportunities2 D. Threat2 IV. Marketing Strategy2 A. Mission2 B. Market Segmentation3 C. Target Market5 D. Positioning5 E. Product Line5 F. Price6 G. Distribution Outlets6 H. Advertising and Promotion6 VI. Budget7 Proposed Budget Plan for Marketing Special Pulot7 VI. Implementation7 A. Complete the Marketing Plan8 B. Approving of the Plan8 C. Creating the proper layout design8 D. Create retail channels8 E. Advertise and Promote the Product8 F. Launching of the product8 G. Monitoring the performance9 VII. Controls9 I. Executive Summary II. Situation Analysis Eating sweets after meals are part of Filipino culture. Pulot is an Ilonggo heritage that was once popular but is now slowly forgotten. Pulot is made of muscovado sugar. The muscovado sugar or moist sugar is a dark brown and slightly coarser and stickier than most brown sugars and takes its flavor and color form its source, sugarcane juice. Muscovado sugar is liquefied to become the sweet dessert Pulot. The sweet amber dessert was packaged quaintly in a piece of slender bamboo covered with dry banana leaf. It is sold in affordable prices depending in the size of the container ranging from five pesos to twenty pesos. The basic market is not entirely aware of Pulot. Only those who have eaten in the restaurants like Breakthrough, and Tatoys’ are the one who knew this product. Pulot is only sold in Villa sold by local street vendors for restaurant customers as their dessert. III. SWOT Analysis A. Strengths Originality Pulot is a native product of Iloilo City, specifically in Villa, Arevalo. It is made from local products from ingredients to packaging. It could be infused with cassava, banana, kamote, ube and other native crops. We will write a custom essay sample on Pulot specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pulot specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pulot specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer No expiration Pulot is mainly made from muscovado sugar that is caramelized with a proportionate amount of water. Sugar is an incredible preservatives working in jams and jellies which apparently does not expire. And with its packaging made of bamboo stalk, keeps pulot from moisture to solidify and helps it stay in syrup. B. Weakness Low product knowledge and exposure In today’s generation, there is a variety of desserts available in the market. Due to the existence of foreign products, we are forgetting the local delicacies that define our culture. The younger generations have little or even no knowledge of native delicacies; one of them is Pulot. C. Opportunities Market Expansion Expanding the market will increase its productivity and exposure. Since Pulot is sold only in Villa, it could be sold in restaurants, Pasalubong centers and malls located in the city. Cultural Heritage Patronizing the local products will help preserve the unique Ilonggo traditions. Also, it is a way of enhancing the market for tourists. Variety of Uses Pulot can be used in different ways. It can be a dessert after meals; toppings for pancakes and pastries; sandwich spread; and ingredients for some delicacies. It could also be complimented with bananas, camotes, ube and other native products. D. Threat Existence of well known desserts The existence of well known foreign and local sweets will post a great difficulty for pulot to enter the modern market. IV. Marketing Strategy A. Mission Special Pulot aims to revive a part of Ilonggo culture in terms of dessert. The native treat exist to satisfy your sweet tooth with a new and attractive packaging design Financial Objective * To increase the sales by 10% for the first year of production * To sustain a research and development budget Marketing Objective * To increase the product awareness to younger generations B. Market Segmentation The profile for the Special Pulot’s consumers consists of geographic, demographic, and behavior factors. Special Pulot has several target segment customers, the individual customers (families, students, foreigners and balikbayans), restaurants and malls. Individuals: Geographics * The initial target is Iloilo City with the population of 418,710. * The total targeted population is 167, 484. Demographics * Students, families, foreigners and balikbayans. * Age group of 15 to 60 years Have a family income of more than P 15,000 a month might be part of Class A, B and C segment of the market. Behavior Factors * Likes sweet foods and native products. * There is a value attributed to the more attractive packaging of the product. * Are very open to new ways of using the product. * Tend to patronize higher – quality restaurants, malls and pasalubong centers. * Conscious of their health. Restaurants (and their customers): Geographics * Iloilo City has a lot of restaurants that serve Filipino dishes mostly in Villa, Molo and Manduriao Districts. Demographics * Male and Female. * Singles and Families. Tend to eat out at least once a week. * Tend to patronize Filipino restaurants. Behavior Factors * Are health conscious. * Enjoy a sweet dessert every after meal. Malls: Geographics * The initial target malls are SM City in Manduriao and Robinsons’ Place in the city proper. Demographics * Male and Female. * Singles and Families. * Tends to go to the malls as a leisure activity. Behavior Factors * Loves to eat while roaming around the mall. * Into nutritious and native foods. C. Target Market Based on the market segmentation, the target market are the students, families, foreigners and balikbayans. Individuals These individuals are composed of households in Iloilo City with a monthly family income of P10, 000 pesos. These are health conscious consumers that preferred the Special Pulot as condiment instead of refined sugar that contain chemical additives. Restaurants These are the restaurants in Iloilo City that serves Filipino dishes in their menu. Special Pulot will be served to the customers that want a native and nutritious treat for dessert after eating their meals. Malls Loaded Special Pulot will target the two major malls in Iloilo City, SM City and Robinson’s Place. The prospect customers will be the mall goers that love to eat sweet native delicacy. D. Positioning Special Pulot will position itself as a best choice delicacy in Iloilo. It will symbolize the love of Ilonggo people for sweet native food. This positioning will be achieved by expanding its target market, intensive knowledge dissemination regarding the product and establishing a unique product that will be put up in stalls at major malls and schools. The said unique product is a Special Pulot with native crop toppings such as banana, ube, kamote, roasted peanut and pinipig. Special Pulot will be sold on restaurant and Pasalubong Centers with a better packaging. E. Product Line There are three types of products that to be distributed to the market: 1) The Special Pulot that is sold in restaurants and Pasalubong Centers will be served with classy native packaging. The packing is a bamboo tube with ethnical carvings on the outside and has a product logo. The packaging will also have a list of nutritional value that a consumer could get in the product. The packaging has other purpose aside from containing Special Pulot. It could be a pencil holder or a flower vase. ) The Loaded Special Pulot that will be sold in stalls at malls will be served as a snack for mall goers with native crop toppings. The native crop toppings are boiled banana, ube, kamote, cassava, roasted peanuts and piniping. It will be served in paper bowls. 3) Another is the Special Pulot that is packed in glass jars to be sold in grocery stores and local dry markets to be consumed by local h ouseholds. This Special Pulot will be a good substitute for refined sugar and other sweeteners. Special Pulot is 100% made of Muscovado sugar that contains essential minerals like potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and iron. Also, it only contains calories, thus, making it a good alternative to figure conscious consumers. This could be infuse in coffees or spread in bread. F. Price The price will be based on a per product price. For product 1, it will be sold in prices ranges from P20 to P50 pesos depending on the size of the container. For product 2, the prices will vary from P20 to P50 depending on the size of the container and an additional P5 for extra toppings. Then the Special Pulot that is packed in jars will have a price range of P30 to P60 pesos per product depending the size of the jars. G. Distribution Outlets The distribution outlets will be: * Restaurants * Pasalubong Centers and Grocery Stores * Malls H. Advertising and Promotion The product will be promoted through an advertising campaign that supports its positioning strategies and through participating in greater extent on dealer trade shows. The advertising campaign will be posters and flyers that have information about the product and will be put at the distribution outlets. The said posters will be posted on restaurants and pasalubong centers that sell Special Pulot and flyers will be distributed during trade shows in malls or events that sponsored by the company. VI. Budget Proposed Budget Plan for Marketing Special Pulot One-year Plan Legal expense*-P10,000. 00 Layout Design**-10,000. 00 Promotional Materials Posters-P9,000. 00 Flyers-4,000. 00 Total promotional materials expense13,000. 00 Communication and Transportation Expense20,000. 00 Labor Workers*** 17,000. 0 Product Control**** 10,000. 00 Contingency Fund 10,000. 00 TOTAL BUDGET FOR THE YEAR P90,000. 00 *Expenses for the processing of legal paper works for the project **Expenses for creating the design of the product’s packaging and for the employment of the layout artist ***Allocated for the salary of workers who will be promoting the product of different sites ****This is for the monitoring of the product. Workers will conduct a survey to measure the performance of the project. Schedule for monitoring the product is contained in part seven of the marketing plan, controls. VI. Implementation These are the following steps that company has to accomplish on time and within the budget: A. Complete the Marketing Plan The marketing plan for the product has to be completed and revised B. Approving of the Plan Once the plan had been finalized, it will be presented to the owner/ supplier of the product. Collaborating with the owners on their opinions and comments regarding the matter will be done. After clarifications and finalization of the actions to be taken, the operation will begin. C. Creating the proper layout design After the plan has been approved, the group will be hiring a layout artist to design the packaging of the product, with proper coordination with the operations department of the supplier, and the design for the promotional materials for the product. D. Create retail channels Contacting pasalubong centers and local restaurants as site of selling the product will then take place. Locating the proper area for setting up of stalls in malls will also be done. After pinpointing the appropriate site, construction of the stalls will take place. E. Advertise and Promote the Product Once the promotional materials had been finalized and printed, it will be placed on different areas in Iloilo city. F. Launching of the product The official wide scale launching of the product and simultaneously, advertising of the product. G. Monitoring the performance The workers will be regularly monitoring regarding the awareness of the customers regarding the product, revenue and expenses. VII. Controls The following areas will be monitored to measure performance:

Soil Component lab essays

Soil Component lab essays The purpose of this lab is to separate soil by setting in water to find the % of various components. In this lab I learned a lot. I learned that there is a lot more stuff to the soil than we can see; there is floating leaf litter, Sunken leaf litter, silt and sand all in a jar of soil. However, it takes time to sort itself out and that is why we left it alone for a week so it could separate out into all the different layers. The composition of the soil could effect organisms in the quadrat for many reasons. The composition effects the nutrients. Plants require a certain amount of nutrients to produce what they need to. The nutrients come from the decomposed soil so it has to be the right amount of decomposition that takes place. We have mostly granite rocks in this area and soil derived from granite this effects us and plants in a big way. Granite rocks cause acid rain because of the chemicals that they that they give off into the air. A plant requires a pH of 6.8-7.0. The acid rain will change the pH so that it is not that. Our soil component graph compared pretty much the same with the other graphs in our class. The only thing that was a little bit different was the floating leaf litter at the top of the jar. I think this was just because of the soil that we got and the way we got it. This data effects people in many ways. It effects farmers and people that grow crops the most because their plants need a certain amount of nutrients to grow and produce what they need to produce. If this is different in any kind of way the plants will get either to much nutrients or to little nutrients that will kill it. ...

Stateless nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Stateless nation - Essay Example 28). For this study, we will look into Taiwan. â€Å"The state should culturally be aware of itself as a discrete body and with a discrete civic structure† (Storm, Carsten, and Harrison, p. 8). For centuries, the people of Taiwan have lived with no freedom that is they live by the ordeal of a colonial people (Richard, p. 17). They were not given the opportunity to govern themselves. Taiwan population consisted of refugees, pirates, colonizers and colonizers who migrated to the island from different origins. Due to this, every individual or group that moved into the area have they are own believes, goals and visions. Therefore, the people who lived there had no identity that prevented them from fighting for their rights (Yasutomo, p.34). Taiwan contains many influences that are non-china. The republican government controls them. Taiwan is referred to as a ‘rebelling province’ by the government of rival People’s Republic of china. They are considered to be rebelling against the rightful government of united china. Due to the non-china influences received from the region, Taiwanese can refer as a rebelling province (Minahan, p.

Analysing the components of the gender pay gap in the u.k (year 2003) Dissertation

Analysing the components of the gender pay gap in the u.k (year 2003) - Dissertation Example The reasons why the gap exist and persist, can be attributed to the social and psychological efforts of men as well as women; men have consistently throughout the ages traditionally seen women in specific roles. Statistics show that  ¾ of working women are still found in five occupational groups and in the five c’s- caring, cleaning, catering, cashiering, clerical and child care. Jobs which are classified as women’s work command lower wages than men’s work even when they require similar qualification levels, leading to inequalities in pay and income. (Sex stereotyping in education and work-Investigation; free to choose-tackling gender barriers to better jobs) Up until the 18th century in the UK, when a girl left home, she did so to become someone’s wife. She left her father’s house with her mothers recipes and wisdom, which would fortify her to care for her husband and her children. Neither was she allowed nor was she expected to accept employment outside of the home. The attitude of most men was duly espoused by Queen Victoria and accepted by the Church of England, concerning the subject of female employment when she said; a woman is not to compete with a man for employment, she is to do the work which God intended her to do; a wife to her husband and a mother to her children.

The Organizational Development Practices Research Paper

The Organizational Development Practices - Research Paper Example The purpose of this paper to analyze the organizational development (OD) practices that can be implemented in Company A in order to turn the corporation around and help the company to begin earning profits again. Company A is a conglomerate multinational corporation in the retail industry that has been operating in the marketplace for over 50 years. The company prides itself in being a store that offers quality merchandise at reasonable prices that provide value to the customer base. The company has grown a lot during the last decade and has achieved international penetration in many locations including Hong Kong, London, and Paris among other prestigious locations. By choosing spots of high consumer traffic the firm’s sales have been very good during the last couple of years. The firm employees over 20,000 direct workers worldwide. The company’s rapid expansion created a series of new issues and problems that must be attended in order to ensure the company continues to run a profitable operation for many years to come. The mission of the company is to provide its customer a great shopping experience in which they're able to select from a large variety of consumer goods at a price point that will attract interest from the customers while at the same time allowing the company to meet its sales quotas and revenue expectation and reaching their annual projected goals. Company A operates under a bureaucratic system due to a centralized decision making philosophy. The corporate headquarter of the company located in Los Angeles California is responsible for all strategic decisions the company implements. It also controls the internal functionality of the firm subsidiaries which results in the creation of a business entity that is slow to react to market changes. The corporate offices also have control over the internal human resources practices of all the independent firms.

Locke Arguments In Support Of Private Property Philosophy Essay

Locke Arguments In Support Of Private Property Philosophy Essay What are Natural Rights? A Natural Right is a universal right that everyone has all around the world. In particular, Natural Rights is a political theory that maintains that an individual enters into society with certain basic rights and that no government can deny these rights. Us as humans were born with these natural rights. Natural rights grew out of the ancient and medieval doctrines of natural law, which is the belief that people, as creatures of nature and God, should live their lives and organize their society on the basis of rules and precepts laid down by nature or God. The concept of a natural right can be contrasted with the concept of a legal right. A legal right is specifically created by the government, while a natural right is claimed even when it Is Private Property a Natural Right? Yes! I consider Private Property a Natural Right. Private Property plays a big role within Natural Rights. Many philosophers including Locke, Marx, and Rawls each had their position on private property. This leads to the question: What is Private Property? You can not just give one definition because as I said before, many philosophers had different positions about private property on natural rights. If I had to define Private Property, I would say it is any property that is not public property, and may be under the control of a group or a single individual. It is like a claim to something that excludes others from having that same privilege. The one philosopher that I will talk about is John Locke. John Locke (29 August 1632 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher. Locke is considered the first of the British empiricist, but is equally important to social contract theory. His ideas had enormous influence on the development of epistemology and political philosophy, and he is widely regarded as one of the most influential enlightenment thinkers, classical republicans, and contributors to liberal theory. His writings influenced Voltaire and Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American Revolutionaries. Lockes theory of mind is often cited as the origin for modern conceptions of identity and the self, figuring prominently in the later works of philosophers such as David Hume, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Immanuel Kant. Locke was the first philosopher to define the self through a continuity of consciousness. He also postulated that the mind was a blank slate or tabula rasa; that is, contrary to Cartesian or Christian Philosophy, Locke maintained that people are born without innate ideas. John Lockes position on private property being a natural right is really different from that of other philosophers. Locke was a major social contract thinker who argued that all people know what to do and why they do it therefore making sense. He said that mans natural rights are life, liberty, and property. In the Second Treatise of Government by John Locke, he writes about the right to private property. In the chapter which is titled Of Property he tells how the right to private property originated, the role it plays in the state of nature, the limitations that are set on the rights of private property, the role the invention of money played in property rights and the role property rights play after the establishment of government.. In this chapter Locke makes significant points about private property. In this paper I will summarize his analysis of the right to private property, and I will give my opinion on some of the points Locke makes in his book. According to Locke, the right to private property originated when God gave the world to men. Locke makes the argument that when God created the world for man, he gave man reason to make use of the world to the best advantage of life, and convenience. What he means by that is, that God made this world for man, and when he made it he gave m an the right to use what is in this world to his benefit. Locke explains that every man has property in his own person, and that nobody has any right to that property but that person. The author states that whatsoever then he removes out of the state of nature hath provided, and left it in, he hath mixed his labour with, and joined to it something that is his own, and thereby makes it his property (Locke pg. 19). What Locke means by that statement is that once a person removes something out of its original state of nature that something becomes that persons property. After someone gains this property are there any limitations on that property? Locke believes that there are limitations on that property. Locke believes that God has given us all things richly, and that man may use those things as long as he takes what he needs. Locke believes that the purpose of government is to protect property and that society was set up to avoid civil or foreign wars that may occur over the dispute of property. Locke attempts to rationalize the right of men having unequal possessions of the earth, but fails because he does not recognize that unequal ownership of property does not allow for the basis of his argument that ownership of property is only justified if there is good and enough for others. The right to private property is the cornerstone of Lockes political theory, encapsulating how each man relates to God and to other men. Locke explains that man originally exists in a state of nature in which he needs answer only to the laws of nature. In this state of nature, men are free to do as they please, so long as they preserve peace and preserve mankind in general. Because they have a right to self-preservation, it follows that they have the right to those things that will help them to survive and be happy. God has provided us with all the materials we need to pursue those ends, but these natural resources are useless until men apply their efforts to them. For example, a field is useless until it produces food, and no field will produce food until someone farms it. Â  Locke proposes that because all men own their bodies completely, any product of their physical labour also belongs to them. Thus, when a man works on some goods or material, he becomes the owner of that goods or material. The man who farms the land and has produced food owns the land and the food that his labour created. However the restriction to private property is that, because God wants all his children to be happy, no man can take possession of something if he harms another in doing so. He cannot take possession of more than he can use, for example, because he would then be wasting materials that might otherwise be used by another person. Unfortunately, the world is afflicted by immoral men who violate these natural laws. By coming together in the social-political compact of a community that can create and enforce laws, men are guaranteed better protection of their property and other freedoms. Lockes treatment of property is generally thought to be among his most important contributions in political thought, but it is also one of the aspects of his thought that has been most heavily criticized. There are important debates over what exactly Locke was trying to accomplish with his theory. One interpretation, advanced by C.B. Macpherson, sees Locke as a defender of unrestricted capitalist accumulation. Locke used the idea of a state of nature to present his political views, Locke argued that men have rights, including those to life and property, and the Two Treatises justifies revolution in some circumstances. C.B. Macpherson marshalled various facts so as to argue that Locke defended the rationality of unlimited desire, and so capital accumulation, in a way that provided a moral basis for capitalism. What is more, he did so in the context of a broadly Marxist historiography, according to which British theorists of the seventeenth and eighteenth century adopted ideas which reflected the emergence of a capitalist economy. When historians criticise and compare theories in terms of accepted facts, they can use criteria of accuracy, comprehensiveness, consistency, fruitfulness, openness, and progressiveness. Alan Ryan has criticised Macpherson for inaccuracy. He argued that Macpherson was wrong to say Locke thought rationality was restricted to one class who went in for the acquisition of capital goods. Rather, Locke explicitly said that all adults apart from lunatics were rational enough to understand what the law of nature required of them. Ryan also has criticised Macpherson, at least implicitly, for failing to be comprehensive: Macphersons theory could not account for the many passages in the Two Treatises that Ryan used to show that Locke said things clearly contrary to Macphersons interpretation. More generally, Ryan has suggested that Macphersons errors stem from an unfruitful method. John Dunn too has criticised Macpherson for not being comprehensive: Macphersons theory took no account of Lockes religious faith, a faith which provided the unifying theme of Lockes thought. In particular, Dunn has argued that Locke could not have intended to demonstrate the overriding rationality of capital accumulation precisely because his view of rationality depended on his religious beliefs, and so for him the rationality of any action in this world necessarily would de pend on the effect of the action on ones after-life. More recently, James Tully has developed Dunns broad critique of Macpherson by interpreting the Two Treatises, within the context of Lockes religious beliefs, as an attempt to defend a self-governing community of small proprietors enjoying the security to harvest the fruits of their labours, an ideal which Tully sees as contrary to capitalism. More generally, Dunn too related Macphersons erroneous view of Locke to a faulty method. Instead, Dunn advocated, against Ryan as well as Macpherson, a method which would focus on the intentions that it makes sense to ascribe to authors in the light of what we know of the characteristic beliefs of their time. Because people can respond to criticism in a way that strengthens their theory, comparison must be a more or less continuous activity. However, our criteria of comparison suggest we should scrutinise the way in which people deflect criticisms to see if they do so in a progressive manner maintaining the openness of their theory. Thus, if Macpherson responded to the criticisms of Ryan or Dunn, or if Ryan responded to the criticisms of Dunn, we would want to know whether their revised views represented either a progressive development of their theories or a purely defensive hypothesis. For example, Neal Wood has defended an interpretation of Locke that we might regard as a revised version of Macphersons view in so far as it apparently rests on a fairly similar, broadly Marxist historiography. Wood criticises Tullys interpretation of Locke for being incomplete, and possibly inconsistent. Robert Nozick also questions the idea of mixing and in doing so, offers an alternative explanation to Levines objection. In Anarchy, State and Utopia he asks, Why isnt mixing what I own with what I dont own a way of losing what I own rather than a way of gaining what I dont? If I own a can of tomato juice and spill it in the sea so that its molecules mingle evenly throughout the sea, do I thereby come to own the sea, or have I foolishly dissipated my tomato juice? Nozick reformulates Lockes idea by saying that one does not appropriate something by mixing labour with it, but rather by labouring on it and improving it to make it more valuable. By extensions, anyone is entitled to own a thing whose value he has created. Nozick himself asks why ones entitlement should extend to the whole object rather than just to the added value ones labour has produced. However, he gives no real argument against this and instead notes that no value-added property scheme has ever been devised. Nozick suggests Someone may be made worse off by anothers appropriation in two ways: first, by losing the opportunity to improve his situation by a particular appropriation or any one; and second, by no longer being able to use freely (without appropriation) what he previously could. However, Nozicks revision does make the intuition that underlies the Lockean proviso, that the harmless appropriation of unowned things is morally defensible, more plausible than Lockes own formulation does. It does so, though, at the cost of introducing a consideration foreign to Lockes way of thinking into the very heart of his theory. Nozick, being a libertarian at heart, agrees with the essence of Lockes theory but prefers to reformulate certain areas that he thinks do not work. It is difficult to conclude whether Lockes natural right of property should be accepted since we know from history that initial acquisition of property was not done on a Lockean basis.

Hoot

Edexcel International General Certificate of Secondary Education and Edexcel Certificate June 2012 – FINAL TImETAbLE International GCSE and Edexcel Certificate Examinations 1. The normal starting time for morning sessions is 9. 00 a. m. and for afternoon sessions 1. 30 p. m. 2. Wednesday 22 August 2012 – restricted release of results to centres only 3. Thursday 23 August 2012 – release of results to candidates www. edexcel. com Edexcel Certificate Examinations are only available to UK centres. Week 1 Date monday 7 may morning Length Afternoon LengthTuesday 8 may 4Cm0/01 4TU0/01 4Hb0/02 Commerce Turkish Human Biology Paper 2 2h 3h 4GN0/01 4Hb0/01 German: Listening Human Biology Paper 1 Bangladesh Studies Paper 1 Pakistan Studies: The History and Heritage of Pakistan Arabic (Classical Arabic) 30m + 5m reading time 2h 1h 30m 1h 30m 3h Wednesday 9 may 1h 4bN0/01 4PA0/01 Thursday 10 may 4AC0/01 Accounting 2h 30m 4CA0/01 Friday 11 may 4bN0/02 4PA0/02 Bangladesh Studies Paper 2 Pakistan Studies: The Land, People and Resources of Pakistan 1h 30m 1h 30m 4mA0/1F & KmA0/1F 4mA0/3H & KmA0/3H 4mb0/01Mathematics Specification A: Paper 1F Mathematics Specification A: Paper 3H 2h 2h 1h 30m Mathematics Specification B: Paper 1 Week 2 Date monday 14 may morning 4GN0/02 German: Reading and Writing Length 1h 30m Afternoon 4AR0/01 Arabic (First Language) Length 2h 15m inc. 10m. reading time 3h 2h 30m 2h 30m 4bE0/01 4IS0/01 Bengali Islamiyat Religious Studies Tuesday 15 may 4bI0/01 & KbI0/01 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(ESL) Paper 1: Reading and Writing Physics Science (Double Award) Physics Paper 1 Wednesday 23 may 4PH0/1P & KPH0/1P 4SC0/1P & 4KSC0/1P 4SP0/02 4AR0/02 4SP0/01 Arabic (First Language) Spanish: Listening English Literature (Poetry) 1h 30m 30m + 5 m reading time 1h 30m 45m 2h 15m 3hThursday 24 may Spanish: Reading and Writing 4ET0/02 & KET0/02 4ES0/02 English as a Second Language (ESL) Paper 2: Listening English Language (Specification A) Friday 4GE0/01 Geography 2h 45m 4EA0/01 & KEA0/01 4IT0/02 25 may Information and Communication Technology: Practical 1 week window ends Week 4 Date monday 28 may morning 4GU0/01 4SI0/01 4SW0/01 4TA0/01 Gujarati Sinhala Swahili Tamil Chemistry Paper 2 Length 3h 3h 3h 3h 1h Afternoon 4HI0/01 History Length 2h 30m Tuesday 29 may 4CH0/2C & KCH0/2C 4EA0/02 & KEA0/02 4Eb0/01English Language (Specification A) 1h 30m 3h 1h English Language (Specification B) Physics Paper 2P Wednesday 30 may 4CN0/01 Chinese: Listening 30m + 5 m reading time 1h 30m 3h 4PH0/2P & KPH0/2P Thursday 31 may 4CN0/02 4mG0/01 Chinese: Reading and Writing Modern Greek 4IT0/01 Information and Communication Technology 1h 30m Friday 1 June International General Certificate of Secondary Education and Edexcel Certificate Subject/Unit Title Human Biology Human Biology ICT ICT – Practical Number 4HB0/01 4HB0/02 4IT0/01 4IT0/02 June 2012 Timetable – FinalSubject/Unit Title Accounting Arabic (Classical Arabic) Arabic (First Language) Arabic (First Lang uage) Bangladesh Studies – Paper 1 Bangladesh Studies – Paper 2 4BN0/02 4BE0/01 4BI0/1B & KBI0/1B 4BI0/2B & KBI0/2B 4BS0/01 4CH0/1C & KCH0/1C 4CH0/2C & KCH0/2C 4CN0/01 4CN0/02 4CM0/01 4EC0/01 4ES0/01 4ES0/02 4EA0/01 & KEA0/01 4EA0/02 & KEA0/02 4EB0/01 4ET0/01 & KET0/01 4ET0/02 & KET0/02 4FR0/01 4FR0/02 4GE0/01 4GN0/01 4GN0/02 4GU0/01 4HI0/01 2h 1h 2h 2h 1h 30m + 5m reading time 1h 30m 2h 2h 30m 2h 45 minutes 2h 15m 1h 30m 3h 1h 45m 1h 30m 30m + 5m reading time 1h 30m 2h 45m 30m + 5m reading time 1h 30m 3h 2h 30m 3h 1h 30m Bengali Biology – Paper 1B Biology – Paper 2B Business Studies Chemistry – Paper 1 Chemistry – Paper 2 Chinese – Listening Chinese – Reading and Writing Commerce Economics English as a Second Language Paper 1: Reading and Writing English as a Second Language Paper 2: Listening English Language – Specification A Paper 1 English Language – Specification A Paper 2 English Language – Specifica tion B English Literature (Drama and Prose) English Literature (Poetry) French (Listening) French (Reading and Writing) Geography German (Listening) German (Reading and Writing) Gujarati History 4BN0/01 1h 30m 4AR0/02 1h 30m 4AR0/01 2h 15m including 10m reading time 4CA0/01 3h 4AC0/01 2h 30m Number Length Date 10/05/2012 10/05/2012 14/05/2012 23/05/2012 09/05/2012 11/05/2012 14/05/2012 15/05/2012 18/05/2012 22/05/2012 21/05/2012 29/05/2012 30/05/2012 31/05/2012 08/05/2012 18/05/2012 22/05/2012 24/05/2012 25/05/2012 29/05/2012 29/05/2012 22/05/2012 24/05/2012 16/05/2012 17/05/2012 25/05/2012 08/05/2012 14/05/2012 28/05/2012 28/05/2012 am pm pm pm pm am pm am am pm am am am am am pm am pm pm pm pm am pm pm am am pm am am pm am/pm Islamiyat Mathematics – Specification A: Paper 1F Mathematics – SpecificationA: Paper 2F Mathematics – Specification A: Paper 3H Mathematics – Specification A: Paper 4H Mathematics Specification B: Paper 1 Mathematics Specification B: Paper 2 Mathematics (Further Pure Mathematics) Paper 1 Mathematics (Further Pure Mathematics) Paper 2 Modern Greek Pakistan Studies – The History and Heritage of Pakistan Pakistan Studies – The Land, People and Resources of Pakistan Physics – Paper 1 Physics – Paper 2 Religious Studies Science (Double Award) Biology Science (Double Award) Chemistry Science (Double Award) Physics Sinhala Swahili Spanish – Listening Spanish – Reading and Writing Tamil Turkish Urdu 4IS0/01 4MA0/1F & KMA0/1F 4MA0/2F & KMA0/2F 4MA0/3H & KMA0/3H 4MA0/4H & KMA0/4H 4MB0/01 4MB0/02 4PM0/01 4PM0/02 4MG0/01 4PA0/01 4PA0/02 4PH0/1P & 4KPH0/1P 4PH0/2P & 4KPH0/2P 4RS0/01 4SC0/1B & 4KSC0/1B 4SC0/1C & 4KSC0/1C 4SC0/1P & 4KSC0/1P 4SI0/01 4SW0/01 4SP0/01 4SP0/02 4TA0/01 4TU0/01 4UR0/01 Publication Code: UG029320 BTEC and NVQ GCSE and International GCSE GCE The Diploma DiDA & other qualifications Online services including Results Plus, Edexcel online International customer s – all enquiries For more information on Edexcel qualifications please use the following contact numbers:Length 2h 1h 1h 30m 3h 2h 30m 2h 2h 2h 2h 1h 30m 2h 30m 2h 2h 3h 1h 30m 1h 30m 2h 1h 2h 30m 2h 2h 2h 3h 3h 30m + 5m reading time 1h 30m 3h 3h 3h Contact us www. edexcel. com 0844 576 0026 0844 576 0027 0844 576 0025 0844 576 0028 0844 576 0031 0844 576 0024 +44 (0)1204 770696 Date 08/05/2012 09/05/2012 31/05/2012 Please see Notes 14/05/2012 11/05/2012 16/05/2012 11/05/2012 16/05/2012 11/05/2012 16/05/2012 17/05/2012 21/05/2012 31/05/2012 09/05/2012 11/05/2012 23/05/2012 30/05/2012 15/05/2012 15/05/2012 21/05/2012 23/05/2012 28/05/2012 28/05/2012 23/05/2012 24/05/2012 28/05/2012 08/05/2012 17/05/2012 pm pm am pm am pm am pm pm am pm am am pm pm am am am am am pm am am am am Examination timetables are available in an electronic format: www. modernisationonline. org. uk/comptimetableJune 2012 Examination Timetable Final International General Certificate of Secondary Educatio n and Edexcel Certificate am/pm pm am pm Notes: 1. Conduct of Examinations †¢ STARTING TIMES OF EXAMINATIONS: Each examination must be taken on the day and at the time as shown on the timetable. The published starting time of all examinations is either 9. 00 a. m. or 1. 30 p. m. Candidates with more than one examination in a session should take these consecutively. A supervised break of 15 minutes may be given between consecutive examinations. †¢ Centresmaystartanexaminationearlierthan,orlaterthan,thepublishedstartingtimeforthesessionwithoutpriorapprovalfromEdexcel.However, in order to maintain the security of the examination all candidates must start examinations scheduled for a morning session no earlier than 8. 30 a. m. and by 9. 30 a. m. and for an afternoon session no earlier than 1. 00 p. m. and by 2. 00 p. m. , except where arrangements have been made for dealing with timetable clashes. Examination centres should refer to the JCQ publication ‘Instructions for Conducting Examinations’ in the first instance. †¢ Candidateswhotakeanexaminationearlierthanthepublishedstartingtimeshownonthetimetablemustremainundercentresupervisionuntilone hour after the published starting time for that examination. †¢ Candidateswhotakeanexaminationlaterthanthepublishedstartingtimeshownonthetimetablemustremainundercentresupervisionfrom30 minutes

Employment Responsibilities and Rights Essay

Learning Outcome 1. 1.1 List the aspects of employment covered by law. Aspects that are covered by law are as followed, anti-discrimination provisions to protect against gender, race, disability, age, working hours and holiday entitlements. Sickness absence and sick pay. Data protection for personal information. Health and safety. Criminal records Bureau (CRB) checks when starting work within a healthcare setting. 1.2 List the main features of current employment legislation. The main features are as followed, minimum wage, hours worked, Discrimination, health and safety, holiday entitlements, redundancy and dismissal, disciplinary procedures, training and union rights. Health and safety laws cover the work conditions, and minimum wage and other laws set basic compensation levels. There’s also the disability act, manual handling operations and regulations, data protection act, general social care council code 2001 and RIDDOR. 1.3 Outline why legislation relating to employment exists. Legislation relating to employment exists to stop exploitation of workers by their employers mainly to protect the rights of their employee’s and to make sure that they have everything they need such as safety standards, holiday entitlement, maternity leave, redundancy payments, discrimination laws, maximum working hours and age requirement. 1.4 Identify sources and types of information and advice available in relation to employment responsibilities and available in relation to employment responsibilities and rights. Sources of information and advice can be found in the HR department, from your line manager or your manager’s manager. The Citizens Advice Bureau, community legal advice, trade unions, additional learning support and from representative bodies. Read more:  Employer and Employee Statutory Rights and Responsibilities Learning Outcome 2. 2.1 Describe the terms and conditions of your own contract of employment. The terms and conditions of my contract of employment are the commencement date of which I started working for the organisation. Information about my probationary period where it explains that the first three months of my employment will be probationary so that I and the organisation can assess the suitability of this arrangement. My contract states my job title, which is care assistant. There’s information about the pay rate during the week  and a different rate of pay at weekends and bank holidays, along with how often we are paid. My normal hours of work each week and holiday entitlement are stated. Which explains that I’m entitled to 28 days holiday a year but only permitted to take a maximum of 10 days at any one time. Also listed is information about sick pay and how much notice to give when leaving the organisation. My contract explains about the uniform that is provided. There’s i nformation about the CRB checks that every member of staff has when starting. 2.2 Describe the information shown on your own pay statement. The information on my pay statement is my name, national insurance number, tax code and the dates of the four weeks that I have been paid for. It details the amount of hours worked for the four weeks with the rate of pay for weekdays, weekends and any bank holidays or holidays booked during that time and the value. There’s a list for tax deductions and national insurance deductions. The total amount of tax paid since working for the organisation. At the bottom of my pay statement there is the total gross pay which is the amount earned before tax deductions. Underneath there is the total amount of tax deductions for the four weeks. The net pay is the amount left over when tax deductions have been taken away from the total gross pay. 2.3 Describe the procedures to follow in an event of a grievance. The grievance should be raised verbally with your line manager or manager’s manager. It should be done in confidence giving full details and sufficient time to consider the facts of the case and where appropriate take remedial action. If your line manager not be able to satisfactorily resolve the grievance, the matter should be referred either verbally or in writing to the home manager whose decision will be final. An employee is entitled to have another person present at any stage of the procedure. 2.4 Identify the personal information that must be kept up to date with your own employer. Personal information that must be up dated is your change in marital status, address and telephone numbers. A change of next of kin details. National insurance number and tax code. Qualifications and work history. Any medical restrictions, absence details, training and data protection. 2.5 Explain agreed ways of working with employer. Agreed ways of working with your employer are following health and safety procedures, implement agreed ways to follow care plans. Following procedures  when someone needs to take time off either for personal reason or holiday. Giving your employer the correct time needed to organise shifts for sickness. Learning Outcome 3 3.1 Explain how our own role fits within the delivery of the service provider. My role fits within the delivery of the service provider because I am maintaining the organisations reputation and setting high standards. Following uniform policies by dressing smartly and wearing the correct uniform. Attending staff training and completing e-learning course so that I’m up to date with policies and procedures. Treating the service users with dignity and making sure they keep their independence. Also communication with other health care professionals, service users and their family on a regular basis. 3.2 Explain the effect of own role on service provision. Being a care assistant I support the unit managers and senior care assistants by communicating with them. I keep them up to date with any changes regarding the service users like their behaviour and any medical conditions which have either got worse or better. I follow all policies and procedures when undertaking tasks so that I’m complying with CQC standards. Working in a team we can support the service users to maintain their independence, individuality and basis rights. To ensure the safety of staff and service users all health and safety policies are followed. 3.3 Describe how own role links to the wider sector. Working as a care assistant we are linked to a variety of health care professionals such as doctors who come in once a week for check-ups on service users and possibly giving prescriptions so that we can monitor their condition. We also have district nurses and hospitals who require monthly check-ups and we have to update them on the service users condition from carers who work with them on a daily basis. 3.4 Describe the main roles and responsibilities of representative bodies that influence the wider sector. CQC go to a wide range of care settings to make sure essential standards of quality and safety are being met at all times. All staff that work within the health care industry follow all the appropriate policies and procedures to ensure the safety of the service user and staff. Learning Outcome 4 4.1 Explore different types of occupational opportunities. The different types of occupational opportunities are gaining a level 3 NVQ and working as a senior carer and eventually working towards becoming a unit manager. 4.2 Identify sources of information related to chosen career pathway. Information relating to a chosen career pathway could be to talk to your unit manager about progression to a senior care assistant and find out the relevant training and qualifications that are needed for the role. Another source is the NHS website for job similar to a care assistant such as a health care assistant which assistant the nurses. 4.3 Identify next steps in own career pathway. In order to become a senior care assistant I would need to complete my NVQ level 2 and medication course. Do the relevant training at work and then complete an NVQ level 3.

State Versus National Standards

State Versus National Standards As you write lesson plans, you will need to refer to standards for your subject area. Standards are created to ensure that students from one classroom to another are taught the same basic information in a particular subject. While that concept might seem simple stated as such, it can, in fact, be much more complicated for the individual classroom teacher. State Standards The situation is further complicated by the periodic changes that occur to standards. When a particular curriculum area meets to change their standards, teachers are handed and expected to teach to a new group of standards from that point on. This can cause problems when drastic changes occur and teachers are still using textbooks based on the older standards. So why does this situation exist? The answer lies in flexibility and the desire for local control. States are able to determine what is important for their citizens and focus the curriculum accordingly. National Standards Will there ever be mandated national standards? At this time, it looks doubtful. Proponents claim that the curriculum would be standardized across the nation. However, the desire for local control is one of the foundational beliefs of the United States. An individual focus desired by the states would be virtually impossible with national standards. Getting Involved How can you get involved? On an individual level, just learning the state and any national standards will keep you informed of what is current in your field. You should join any organizations for your subject area such as the National Council for Teachers of English (NCTE). This will help you stay up-to-date as national standards are changed. In terms of your individual state, contact the state Department of Education to see if there is a way for you to become involved in reviews and changes to standards. In many states, teachers are selected to be a part of the standards process. In this way, you can have a voice in future changes to the standards for your subject area.

The Influence of the Black Ships essayEssay Writing Service

The Influence of the Black Ships essayEssay Writing Service The Influence of the Black Ships essay The Influence of the Black Ships essayThe fleet of warships, later called â€Å"black† by the astonished Japanese due to the color of coal smoke used by the US steam navy, first entered Uraga Harbor near Edo (early Tokyo) on July 8, 1853. Led by Commodore Perry, â€Å"the Black Ships† were to become a significant factor in the negotiations and the subsequent signing of the agreement on trade between Japan and the United States, thus effectively ending Japan’s more than two hundred years long self-isolation policy. In this paper, we claim that these events have drastically changed the subsequent history of the country, forcing it to introduce transformations in the political, economic, and military sphere it never thought it would tolerate. However, the opening of Japan to the world has hugely influenced both local and global balance.To prove the argument, it is necessary to start with the general political and economic environment which took place in those days. After some excursions into history, we will directly move on to a rather ambiguous event the arrival of the black ships followed by the signing of Kaganawa Treaty. Finally, trying to stick to a neutral point of view, we will focus on the effects these event had on Japan, its partners and victims,The Black Ships: BackgroundAt the beginning of the 18th century, the Japanese economy entered a systemic crisis caused by the collapse of the natural economy. As Sansom (223) states in his research, despite the reforms in the first half of the 19th century, Japan was struck by a severe famine which occurred because of the persistent crop failures. The political course directed at the return to the traditional methods of economy management only exacerbated the situation, as proved unpopular among the Japanese and hurt the prestige of the shogunate. The country’s economy was weak and unprepared for a crisis, and being exhausted by the recent wars gradually fell into the abyss of new tr oubles. The internal situation was complicated by the policy of self-isolation sakoku adopted by the Tokugawa shogunate in 1641, in order to protect the country from the influence of Christianity and possible colonization, as well as in an attempt to prevent the growth of layers of rich seaport citizens and thus preserve the foundations of the feudal system (Samson 237). For two centuries, Japan was maintaining trade only with China and Holland. However, the combination of external factors in mid-19th century resulted in the growth of interest from European countries, and especially the United States, in the opening of trade with Japan (basing on Tyler 365-69; Williams 115-123; and Treat 49-55):1) The opening of Qing China for trade with Europe and the United States in 1842, coupled with the accedence of California to the United States in 1850, has created a steady flow of maritime traffic between North America and Asia. Additionally, the whaling industry is the United States, succe ssfully deploying its operations in the North Pacific with the middle of the 18th century, needed a safe haven, assistance in cases of shipwrecks and reliable refueling stations;2) The transition from sailing ships to steamships based on the combustion of coal led to an increase in the needs of American merchants in the intermediate bases where merchant ships could load coal and provisions during the long way from the US to China. The combination of favorable geographical position almost in the same latitude as San Francisco and rumors on significant reserves of coal in Japan made the opening of Japanese ports to trade a priority task US of the US government;3) A constant flow of American sailors stuck on the shores of Japan due to shipwrecks and subjected to ill-treatment by the Japanese, urged the US government to achieve the ratification of nonaggression pacts.4) Finally, the increasing competition among colonial powers, and especially the success of France and Great Britain in Q ing China forced the US to search for new trade markets.All this led to the decision of the US government to send the US Navy expedition to Japan in 1853, under the lead of Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry, who had the ambition to establish direct diplomatic relations with Japan.The Arrival of the Black Ship and the Convention of KanagawaOn July 8, 1853, Matthew Calbraith Perry ported his Mississippi, Plymouth, Saratoga, and Susquehanna ships in the Bay of Uraga, near the city of Edo, which was the administrative center of the Tokugawa shogunate. The squadron was armed with about a hundred of the latest Paixhans guns firing explosive bombs and 2,000 sailors (Perry et al. 232). The immediate negotiations were impossible due to the 12th shogun Tokugawa Ieyoshi illness, and thus the Americans promised to come back in a year. However, when the shogun died by the end of July, Perry decided to take advantage of the chaos in Japan and exercise real pressure and demonstration of US militar y power. Thus, on February 11, 1854, Perry’s squadron lined up in battle formation and turned their guns towards the town of Uraga, demonstrating a willingness to take the capital city of Edo in the event of failure of Japan to sign the agreement (Perry et al. 336). Unable to resist, Japan had to sign the Convention of Kanagawa on March 31, 1854 despite the unequal terms it offered.In particular, under this treaty, the Japanese side was obliged to provide fuel and food to the US ships if necessary; to save the US ships and their crews in the event of an accident; to open the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to trade with the United States, where Americans would have the right to build their consulates; to provide the US with the most favored trade regime (Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy 165). Soon after that, a wider 1858 Treaty of Amity and Commerce was signed, which allowed the creation of foreign concessions, extra-territoriality for foreigners and the reduction o f import duties (Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America 191). Similar treaties were soon concluded with the Netherlands, Russia, Britain and France (Williams 198).Thus, despite the general hostility towards foreigners and strong nationalism, the supreme rulers of Japan were aware of their impossibility of resistance to Western aggression. Commodore Perry’s Black Ships, or kurofune, has gained a notorious fame in the Japanese history as the nominal image symbolizing a â€Å"threat imposed by Western technology† (Corenza 121) and associated with the â€Å"opening† of Japan to foreigners and the start of the US-Japanese relations, bringing both mutual benefit and numerous conflicts and wars.The Consequences of the Kanagawa TreatyWith the arrival of the Black Ships, the period of Bakumatsu started signifying the end of the shogunate (Sansom 316). The conclusion of unequal treaties with foreign powers; shogun’s death; economic cr isis and epidemic of diseases as a result of country’s opening to international trade all together led Japan to the deep political crisis and bloody civil war (1868-1869), in which the supporters of modernization, rallying behind the return of the Emperor defeated supporters of the shogunate.Indeed, shogunate’s huge concessions to foreigners split the country into two camps: some thought the opening of borders would encourage the development of Japan, the others believed it would destroy the national way of life and unique culture. Moreover, as Kennedy (118) states, nationalistic and xenophobic clashes were intensified by the military support from of Britain and France, helping the conquering clans to modernize their army, supplying with modern European weapons, and selling warships which would later become the basis of the Japanese navy. Generally, the leading role in trade with Japan and most significant economic benefits were captured by the British with their vast experience in the development of colonies. According to Dower (179), already in 1859, the first year of Japan’s official trade with foreign powers, there were two American companies in Yokohama, four British, one Portuguese and one Swiss. In 1867, the number of British companies has grown to 48, while the United States were represented by only seven (Williams 219; Dower 181). From 1859 to 1866, Japanese imports increased from 150 thousand up to 11.4 million dollars, and exports grew from 400 thousand to 14.1 million dollars, with about 80% of all trade operations were with the United Kingdom (Dower 183-86; Tyler 394-95; Williams 223-25).At the same time, for several reasons, it can’t be said that trade developed too rapidly. Above all, the Japanese had no experience in running large-scale trade. They had a vague idea of the customs policy, tariffs and taxes which, as Dower (213) notes, was shamelessly used by foreigners. For instance, in Japan, the ratio between gold and silver was 1 to 5, while outside Japan it made 1 to 15, which led to the purchase and vast export of Japanese coins, and this had a critically negative effect on the financial position of Japan (Williams 231). Thus, unemployment was growing fast, together with the cost of rice and other food prices which by 1867 increased by more than 10 times compared with the period before the Black Ships arrival (Sansom 251; Kennedy 129; Corenza 141). Together with political repressions against the supporters of revolution, these factors radically reduced shogunate’s prestige. After the final defeat of the government troops, the shogun abdicated from office and passed the state power back to the Emperor, which enable the start of the Meiji Restoration, a period of destroying the feudal structure and transition to the capitalist path of development.In this period, the relations between Japan and the â€Å"civilized† world were characterized through two main features. First, we sh ould agree with Kamikawa (50) that it was a clash of two completely different civilizations at their levels of social and technological development. Second, these relations are built on a background of a serious political crisis in Japan, which resulted in the total change of the political system and the beginning of transition from feudalism to capitalism. However, less than two decades passed since the moment when Perry showed the Japanese on the Kanagawa beach the achievements of the Western technical thought and in 1869 telegraph started working, and in October 1872, the first railway was opened between Tokyo and Yokohama (Jansen 58). Generally, after the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the new Japanese government adopted the policy of modernization and, above all, removed all the restrictions of sakoku (Huffman; Kamikawa 67). Relations between the countries entered a new period and quickly began to move from the â€Å"student – teacher† stage to a more equitable, howev er, more complex ones.New Japan strongly started catching up the West in social, economic and military spheres; radical reforms were taking place across the country (basing on studies by Corenza; Huffman; Jansen; Kennedy; and Treat). New government wanted to make Japan a democratic country with universal equality. Thus, the boundaries between social classes introduced by the Tokugawa shogunate were erased. In order to stabilize the new government all the old daimyo feudals had to return all their lands to the emperor. The reforms also included the support of human rights, such as adoption of the freedom of religion in 1873 and the introduction of compulsory education. For faster conversion of Japan from agricultural into an industrial country, many Japanese students were sent to the West to study science and languages. Japan also invited foreign teachers. A lot of money was invested in the development of transport and communication means. The government supported the development of business and industry, especially the large companies zaibatsu which soon formed the basis of country’s economic power. Copying western experience, Japan also received its first Constitution in 1889, established a parliament and formed political parties.The growth in military terms in the era of European nationalism was also a high priority for Japan. Universal military obligation was introduced; the new army was formed by the example of the Prussian one, and the fleet was built following the pattern of the British fleet. Since the end of the 19th century, Japan has sought to become a leading power in the Far East. With this goal, Japan initiated aggressive wars against China in 1894, and the Russian Empire in 1904. As a result of these wars, Japan acquired its first colonies Korea, Manchuria, the Kuril Islands together with the southern Sakhalin. These military successes led to an unprecedented increase of nationalism in Japan, other Asian countries followed this trend of g rowing national pride. Tokyo considered these conquests as a test of strength before the large-scale colonial policy, aimed at establishing the so-called Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere in the Asia-Pacific region (Kennedy 156). This Japanese colonization system was supposed to include a vast territory from Australia to Vladivostok and from the countries of Indochina to Hawaii.Like Kamikawa (79) rightfully marks, forcibly opening Japan, Washington wanted to make this land of rising sun its ally in the neo-colonization policy in the Asia-Pacific region, however, after the First World War Japanese ambitions began to get beyond the control of the United States. The administration of Woodrow Wilson, and later Herbert Hoover did not pay much attention to the growing power of the ally (Kennedy 145). Loyal to the traditions of isolationist policy, the US government did not prevent Japan’s aggression against northern China, considering that its further development would lead to a clash with the Soviet Union and distract Japanese militarism from the Pacific (Treat 309). In turn, Britain and France carried out a similar policy toward Japan hoping to continue the unpunished robberies of China under the guise of opposition to aggression (William 199). In fact, the ruling circles of the USA, the UK and France saw Japan as the vanguard in the struggle against the national liberation movement in the Far East.However, when at the beginning of the 1932 Japanese troops occupied the South Manchuria, Japan’s actions in China were condemned by the League of Nations, which led to Japan’s withdrawal from the organization. This meant, actually, that the Japanese aggression in the Far East broke the balance of forces, posed a threat to peace and opened up the option of a new war. Moreover, foreign policy plans included in the Konoe Doctrine required Japan to have allies, and Japan found them in the face of fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, moving on to deliber ate conquer the world, which resulted in a disaster for the conquerors themselves and the new world order. Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, millions of victims of this monstrous act, the occupation of Japan by the US military, the collapse of the economy these were the consequences of the policy of â€Å"gathering all eight corners of the world under one roof† (Kamikawa 111), catalyzed by the Convention of Kanagawa.ConclusionSumming up the critical period in the history of Japan when from 1853 to 1868 under the pressure of the US, and then the other Western powers it made the decision to step on the path of modernization, which at the time was equivalent to Westernization, it is interesting to consider several issues. Could Japan make a step towards the West without American pressure? Obviously, this would have happened anyway, but the Americans undoubtedly hastened these changes. Modern Japanese political lexicon includes a long established term of gayatsu, w hich can be translated as â€Å"external pressure† or â€Å"foreign pressure† (Corenza 184). Its roots lead to the period of the â€Å"Opening† of the country, when the beginning of modernization, the need for which was felt by many but was not yet perceived at the mass level, was initially framed as a concession to American pressure. And even today the Japanese system of decision-making often uses requirements coming mostly from the United States as a justification for certain political or economic steps. Notably, it is not explained that these steps completely comply with the vital interests of the country understood by the leadership of the state but not yet supported by a large part of public opinion. Such a decision is virtually attributed to impossibility to resist foreign pressure, which in the eyes of the public removes much of the responsibility from the state.â€Å"Opening† of Japan was largely held by the pattern. By the early 1850’s, th e shogunate felt the need for change but at the same time was under pressure from conservative stereotypes and fears of the unknown. The advent of the Americans became a catalyst for changes that already matured in the Japanese society. After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, authority in Japan fell in the hands of people who had experience of communication with the Americans and Europeans, and a good understanding of the need to modernize the country. Perhaps at first they considered modernization as a prerequisite for â€Å"expulsion of barbarians,† but this goal quickly changed to the slogan â€Å"rich country, strong army,† and later to the desire to be in line with the major imperialist powers.Becoming the first Asian state to step on the path of construction of industrial civilization along with Germany, the US, Britain, the Soviet Union, and Italy in 1930-1940’s, Japan actively involved in the struggle for a new division of the world. However, in an attempt to become a state, whose opinion is counted instead of using military diplomacy, Japan was defeated. And though the old wounds still cause pain resulting in difficult political and economic relation with the victims of Japanese aggression, like China, Korea and Russia, contemporary Japan lives under the pacifist Constitution of 1947, focuses on liberal democracy, and has achieved record economic growth, having increased its influence on the world stage now through drastically other methods, in particular, technological and scientific advance, large manufacturing facilities and high market capitalization.

The Knot in Susan Glaspell's Trifles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Knot in Susan Glaspell's Trifles - Essay Example Wright for not keeping her house in order, Mrs. Hale defends her through reminding the men of their multiple burdens as women: â€Å"There’s a great deal of work to be done on a farm† (Glaspell, 1916). For her, men fail to appreciate the work they do to support their families. Mrs. Hale expresses the poor attention given to women’s contribution in society: â€Å"Men’s hands aren’t always as clean as they might be† (Glaspell, 1916). This statement has double meaning because it indicates that men should not charge women as irresponsible, when they make their lives so physically and emotionally taxing. Contradictory to the opinionated Mrs. Hale, Mrs. Peters serves as her foil; she represents the traditional submissive woman. At first, Mrs. Peters defends her husband and the men doing the investigation. For her, they are only doing their â€Å"duty† (Glaspell, 1916). She also resists talking about the culpability of Mrs. Wright. She is ada mant that â€Å"the law is the law† (Glaspell, 1916). When Mrs. Peters realizes, however, that Mrs. Wright lost her identity during their marriage, she remembers that she knows â€Å"what stillness is† (Glaspell, 1916). She understands that it is not right for any woman to stay still for a man all her life. Thus, in the end, Mrs. Peters asserts that she does not see herself as being married to the law, just because she is the sheriff’s wife. ... PART 2 A psychoanalytic reading: The knot in Glaspell’s Trifles Several female writers such as Kate Chopin and Susan Glaspell contested the idea of a woman’s place under her husband. They questioned gender norms and practices that served male interests, while eradicating the rights of women to speech and self-determination. In the short play Trifles, Glaspell (1916) used the setting of the kitchen to demonstrate the differences between women’s and men’s investigatory skills and processes. Her female and male characters, especially in how they speak with their fellow gender and the opposite sex, reveal the uneven gender relations of the early twentieth century. A psychoanalytic reading that focuses on Mrs. Wright helps uncover her innermost emotions as a woman. The symbolism of the knot and the gender conflict in the play revealed that Mrs. Wright killed her husband because of her repressed feelings of anxiety against her domineering husband and the patriar chal culture of her times. The knot stands for how marriage knots or ties women to their husbands. Marriage is represented as a knot around women’s necks because they are imprisoned in the confines of their homes. Trifles describes the burdens of domestic drudgery, and yet society does not appreciate women’s contributions to it. The County Attorney judges Mrs. Wright’s character as an unfit homemaker, for instance, because her towels are â€Å"dirty† (Glaspell, 1916). His attitude signifies his belief that the only right place for women is in the house, and that the house is their only source of identity. Furthermore, the knot represents the idea that men can tighten it around women as they please. The men criticize Mrs. Wright for not keeping the kitchen immaculately clean. For these men,

UEFA Control on Football Club Transfer Fees Research Paper

UEFA Control on Football Club Transfer Fees - Research Paper Example The financially well off clubs would spend lots of money to sign world class players and offer them fat pay checks (Conn 2010, p.32). Regulating how clubs spend their money in buying and paying players can only be done through wage caps. A wage cap defines an agreement that puts a lid on the amount of money that any sporting organization or club can use on paying players. A wage cap could either be per player limit or an entire team limit, or both. UEFA s response to this was to formulate the UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulation in 2009. This process got undertaken by the Financial Control Panel wing of the governing entity (Conn 2010, p.32). Over the last decade, football clubs in Europe have picked up reckless spendthrift tendencies while utterly casting a blind eye to the financial logic by spending lots of cash for overnight success. This school of thought from the football club board members, to extend enormous transfer kitties to club managers thereby allowing them to offer exto rtionist transfer fees and wages, has led to many clubs getting into debt. ...Without these regulations, more teams are likely to overspend in pursuit of short term winning, rather than giving priority to long term stability. This common business practice of poor risk benefits analysis risks the fortunes of the club and weakens the reputation of the whole league. With teams frequently switching markets or regularly going bankrupt, negative precedence of instability may cloud the sport. This leads to loss of interest of fans, who may opt to switch their allegiance to a stable team. Football clubs should embrace realism and stop spending money which they did not make. This will enable football clubs grow and ensure that the glory of the beautiful game as we know does not get lost. UEFA should impose spending cap laws, and spell out harsh penalties to the football clubs that do not abide by these laws. Some of the harsh penalties proposed by football experts include transfer bans, fine s, withholding of prize money, and expulsion from the UEFA Champions League and UEFA cup (Rose 2012, p.9). These sentiments got echoed by UEFA president who stated that more than half the football clubs in Europe keep losing money. He explained that capping the spending of cubs is in the best interest of the club. Shocking research by UEFA has shown drastic increase in the losses accrued by European football clubs. Reports show that losses in 2010 peaked at â‚ ¬1.6 billion, with over 65% of the club leagues in Europe recording massive losses. This has been the case despite the fact that revenues of professional European football clubs have increased by an average of 9.1% annually, over the past six years.